FC Schalke 04 History

FC Schalke 04
crest
Full name Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V.

Nickname(s) Die Königsblauen (The Royal Blues)
Die Knappen (The Miners)
Founded 4 May 1904; 109 years ago
Ground Veltins-Arena, Gelsenkirchen
(capacity: 61,673[1])
Executive Board Horst Heldt
Alexander Jobst
Peter Peters
Manager Jens Keller
League Bundesliga
2012–13 4th
Website Club home page

Home colours

Away colours

Third colours
 Current season
Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V., commonly known as FC Schalke 04, Schalke 04 or simply Schalke (German pronunciation: [ˈʃalkə]), is a German association-football club originally from the Schalke district of Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia. Schalke has long been one of the most popular football teams in Germany, even though major successes have been rare since the club's heyday in the 1930s and early 1940s. Schalke play in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. The football team is the biggest part of a large sports club with more than 100,000 members (as of August 2011) making it the second largest sports club in Germany. Other activities offered by the club include basketball, handball, and track and field.
Schalke won its first major European trophy in 1997 by winning the UEFA Cup. Since 2001, Schalke's stadium is the Veltins-Arena. Schalke holds a long-standing rivalry with Ruhr neighbors Borussia Dortmund, arguably the most widespread and well-known rivalry in German football, and matches between the two teams are referred to as the Revierderby. In terms of revenue, Schalke is the third biggest sports club in Germany and the fourteenth biggest football club in the world, generating €174.5 million in 2012. The mascot of the club is called Erwin (also Ährwin).
Contents  [hide]
1 History
1.1 Schalke's early years
1.2 Rise to dominance
1.3 The championship years 1934–42
1.4 Post-war football
1.5 Entry to the Bundesliga
1.6 The Bundesliga Scandal of 1971
1.7 Crisis and recovery
1.8 Current
2 Stadium
3 Club songs
4 Honours
4.1 Domestic
4.2 International
4.3 Youth
5 Players
5.1 Current squad
5.2 Players out on loan
5.3 Reserve team
5.4 Notable former players
5.5 Records
6 Managers since entering the Bundesliga
7 In popular culture
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]

Schalke's early years[edit]
The club was founded on 4 May 1904 as Westfalia Schalke by a group of high school students and first wore the colors red and yellow. The team was unable to gain admittance to the Westdeutscher Spielverband and played in one of the "wild associations" of early German football. In 1912, after years of failed attempts to join the official league, they merged with the gymnastic club Schalker Turnverein 1877 in order to facilitate their entry. This arrangement held up until 1915 when SV Westfalia Schalke was re-established as an independent club. The separation proved short-lived and the two came together again in 1919 as Turn- und Sportverein Schalke 1877. The new club won its first honours in 1923 as champions of the Schalke Kreisliga. It was around this time that Schalke picked up the nickname Die Knappen – from an old German word for "miners"– because the team drew so many of its players and supporters from the coalmine workers of Gelsenkirchen.
In 1924, the football team parted ways with the gymnasts once again, this time taking the club chairman along with them. They took the name FC Schalke 04 and adopted the now familiar blue and white uniforms from which their second nickname would derive – Die Königsblauen (English: The Royal Blues). The following year, the club became the dominant local side, based on a style of play that used short, sharp, man-to-man passing to move the ball. This system would later become famous as the Schalker Kreisel (English: spinning top; gyroscope). In 1927, it carried them into the top-flight Gauliga Ruhr, onto the league championship, and then into the opening rounds of the national finals.
Rise to dominance[edit]
The popular club built a new stadium, the Glückauf-Kampfbahn, in 1928, and acknowledged the city's support by renaming themselves FC Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04. They won their first West German championship in 1929, but the following year were sanctioned for exceeding salary levels set by the league and, in an era that considered professionalism in sport to be anathema, found themselves banned from play for nearly half a year.
However, the ban had little impact on the team's popularity: in their first game after the ban against Fortuna Düsseldorf, in June 1931, the team drew 70,000 to its home ground. The club's fortunes begun to rise from 1931 and they made a semi-final appearance in the 1932 German championship, losing 1–2 to Eintracht Frankfurt. The year after, the club went all the way to the final, where Fortuna Düsseldorf proved the better side, winning 3–0.[2]
With the re-organisation of German football in 1933, under Nazi Germany, Schalke found themselves in the Gauliga Westfalen, one of sixteen top-flight divisions established to replace the innumerable regional and local leagues, all claiming top status. This league saw Schalke's most successful decade in their history: from 1933 to 1942 the club would appear in 14 of 18 national finals (10 in the German championship and 8 in the Tschammerpokal, the predecessor of today's German Football Association Cup) and win their league in every one of its eleven seasons.
The club never lost a home game in Gauliga Westfalen in all these eleven seasons and only lost six away games, while remaining entirely unbeaten in the seasons 1935–36, 1936–37, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1940–41 and 1942–43; a clear sign of the club's dominance.[3]
The championship years 1934–42[edit]
Schalke's first national title came in 1934 with a 2–1 victory over favourites Nuremberg. The next year, they successfully defended their title against VfB Stuttgart in a 6–4 win. The club missed the 1936 final, but would make appearances in the championship match in each of the next six years, coming away victorious in 1937, 1939, 1940, and 1942. Three of those national finals were against Austrian teams –Admira Vienna, Rapid Vienna, and First Vienna– which played in Germany's Gauliga Ostmark after Austria's incorporation into the Reich through the 1938 Anschluss.
Die Königsblauen also made frequent appearances in the final of the Tschammerpokal, but enjoyed much less success there. They lost the inaugural Tschammerpokal 0:2 to Nūrnberg in 1935. They also made failed appearances in the 1936, 1941, and 1942 finals with their only Cup victory coming in 1937 against Fortuna Düsseldorf.
Over a dozen seasons, from 1933 to 1945, Schalke won 162 of 189 Gauliga matches, drawing 21 and losing only 6. On the way, they scored 924 goals and gave up just 145. From 1935 to 1939, they did not lose a single league match. The club's dominance throughout this period led them to be held up for propaganda purposes by the Nazi regime, as an example of "new Germany". This was despite the fact that many players were descended from Polish immigrants, most notably the two stars of the team, Fritz Szepan and Ernst Kuzorra.
Post-war football[edit]
With Germany in chaos towards the end of World War II, Schalke played just two matches in 1945. They resumed regular play following the war and, for a time, continued to compete as a strong side. They set a record in a national championship round match with a 20–0 drubbing of SpVgg Herten, but that spoke more to the weakened condition of German football than the ability of the team. Schalke's play fell off and the best they could manage in the new Oberliga West in 1947 was a sixth place finish: within two years they slipped to 12th place.
It would take Schalke until the mid-50s to recover their form. They finished third in a tight three-way race for the 1954 Oberliga West title, decided on the last day of the season. The following year, they appeared in the German Cup final, where they lost 2–3 to Karlsruher SC. The club's next German championship came in 1958, with a 3–0 victory over Hamburger SV.
This is Schalke's last national-championship title to date.
Entry to the Bundesliga[edit]
Schalke continued to play well, delivering a number of top four finishes, in the years leading up to the 1963 formation of the Bundesliga, West Germany's new federal, professional league. Those results earned them selection as one of sixteen sides admitted to the top-flight league.
Their first years in the Bundesliga were difficult. In 1965, they escaped relegation only through the expansion of the league to eighteen teams. A number of finishes at the lower end of the league table followed, before a marked improvement in 1972, culminating in a second place finish to Bayern Munich and after having led the league for much of the season. In the same season, Schalke won the German Cup for the second time in its history.
The Bundesliga Scandal of 1971[edit]
Despite their improved results, the seeds of a major reversal had already been sown. A number of the team's players and officials were accused of accepting bribes as part of the widespread Bundesliga scandal of 1971. Investigation showed that Schalke had deliberately played to lose their 17 May, 28th-round match against Arminia Bielefeld by a score of 0–1. As a result, several Schalke players were banned for life, including three —Klaus Fischer, "Stan" Libuda and Klaus Fichtel— who were with the German national team of the time.
Even though the penalties were later commuted to bans ranging from six months to two years, the scandal had a profound effect on what might have possibly become one of the dominant German teams of the 1970s.
Crisis and recovery[edit]


Schalke players celebrate winning the DFB-Pokal in 2002
In 1973, the club moved to the Parkstadion, newly built for the 1974 World Cup and having a capacity of 70,000 spectators. In the wake of the scandal, the club's performance was uneven. They managed another second place result in 1977, finishing just one point behind champions Borussia Mönchengladbach.
In the early 1980s Die Knappen ran into trouble and found themselves relegated to the second division of the Bundesliga for the 1981–82 season and, after promotion, again in 1983–84. They returned to the top flight in 1984 but slipped once more to the second tier in 1988. They returned to the Bundesliga in the 1991–92 season and have stayed in the top flight ever since.
The club earned their first honours since the German Cup win of 1972 with a victory in the final of the 1997 UEFA Cup over Italian side Internazionale on penalties. Coached by the Dutch coach Huub Stevens, the 1997 Schalke squad earned the nickname "Euro Fighters", which is still in use among fans. Stevens, who was widely unknown in Germany at the time, quickly earned himself a cult following among the Schalke supporters.
Stevens successfully implemented a system of rigid discipline, especially in the defense. His Motto Die Null muß stehen. (engl.: 'It has to read nil'), emphasizing the importance of not conceding any goals, has found its way into everyday language in Germany.
The turn of the millennium has seen much stronger performances from Schalke. During the 1990s and early 2000, the club underwent a successful transformation into a modern, commercial sports organization and established itself as one of the dominant teams of the Bundesliga. Schalke captured consecutive German Cups in 2001–02, and earned second place finishes in the Bundesliga in 2001, 2005 and 2007. The 2001 season finish was heartbreaking for Schalke's supporters as it took a goal in the 4th minute of injury time by Bayern Munich away to Hamburg to snatch the title from Die Königsblauen.
Current[edit]


Fans displaying their colours at Veltins-Arena.
The last few years have been more successful for Schalke, who finished in the second place in 2005, a result that led to Schalke making its second appearance in the UEFA Champions League. There, Schalke finished in third place during the group stage and continuing into the UEFA Cup, where they were eliminated by the eventual winners Sevilla FC in the semi-finals. In 2006, Schalke finished in fourth place in the Bundesliga and a year later they once again finished as runners-up for the third time in seven seasons.


Raúl is the all-time top goalscorer in all European club competitions
In the 2007–08 season, Schalke progressed past the Champions League group stage for the first time and advanced to the quarter-finals after beating FC Porto on penalties in the round of 16. They were stopped by FC Barcelona in the quarter-finals, losing both home and away games 0–1.
On 9 October 2006, Russian oil company Gazprom became the club's new sponsor. The company stated it expects to invest as much as €125 million in the club over a five-and-a-half year period.[4] Gazprom's sponsorship has been seen by some analysts as a politically motivated attempt to buy friendship in Germany.[5] Within this sponsorship, Schalke 04 and Zenit Saint Petersburg signed a "partnership agreement." Both clubs intend to work closely on improving football-related issues.
On 13 April 2008, the club announced the dismissal of manager Mirko Slomka after a heavy defeat at the hands of Werder Bremen and elimination from the Champions League. Former players Mike Büskens and Youri Mulder were put in charge of the first team on an interim basis.
For the 2008–09 Bundesliga season, Schalke signed a new head coach, Fred Rutten, previously the manager of Dutch team FC Twente. Rutten signed a contract running until June 2010.[6] In March 2009, Rutten was sacked and, once more, Mike Büskens, Youri Mulder and Oliver Reck took over the helm.
On 1 July 2009, Felix Magath, who had led VfL Wolfsburg to the top of the table in the Bundesliga, became Head Coach and General Manager of the Royal Blues. The appointment of Magath as manager coincided with a multi-million euro spending spree, allowing Schalke to acquire internationally-known forwards Klaas-Jan Huntelaar and Raúl. Magath's tenure at the club was initially successful, seeing the side score a glut of goals in the first few months of the season, though defensive frailties and Magath's questionable squad selection had made him unpopular with Schalke supporters by December 2010. On 16 March 2011, Magath was sacked and replaced with Ralf Rangnick, who previously, between 2004 and 2005, had a brief spell being in charge of the team. Within just weeks of his appointment, Rangnick masterminded a 5–2 victory over Italian club Internazionale at the San Siro during the quarter-finals of the Champions League. Schalke advanced to the semi-finals where they lost 2–0 to Manchester United in the first leg and 4–1 in the second leg.[7]
On 22 September 2011, Ralf Rangnick announced his immediate resignation as head coach of Schalke 04 due to long-term exhaustion.[8] Assistant coach Seppo Eichkorn coached the team as Interim Manager until the appointment of Huub Stevens on 27 September 2011. Stevens' contract is to run until 30 June 2013.[9]
Despite having legendary status among Schalke supporters, Stevens' return to Schalke was met with some scepticism as fans feared that Stevens, who coached Schalke to the 1997 UEFA Cup win with a rigidly defensive system, could ditch Rangnicks system of attacking play in favour of returning to the 1997 defensive antics.[10] The doubts of the supporters proved unfounded. Although Schalke played a somewhat inconsistent season, they reached third place in the Bundesliga and therefore direct qualification for the UEFA Champions League.
Schalke had an excellent start to the 2012–13 Bundesliga season, and worked their way to second place in the league by November, just behind Bayern Munich. On 20 October, Schalke traveled to Borussia Dortmund for Matchday 8, and were able to defeat the home side 2–1 to secure their first league Revierderby win since February 2010.

Stadium[edit]



The Veltins-Arena
Schalke's stadium, known as the Veltins-Arena under a sponsorship agreement with Veltins brewery, was completed in the summer of 2001 and has a capacity of 61,673 spectators. Schalke regularly draws sell-out crowds to what is widely regarded as one of the most modern and best multi-use facilities in Europe. The facility was previously known as the Arena AufSchalke and replaced the Parkstadion (capacity of 62,000) built in 1973. Prior to this the club had played its matches in the Glückauf-Kampfbahn constructed in 1928 with a capacity of 35,000. The facility was used for amateur matches during its latter years with a reduced capacity of just 5,000.
Club songs[edit]

Blau und weiß, wie lieb ich Dich ("Blue and White, How I Love You") is the official club song.
Popular unofficial chants are
Blau und Weiß ein Leben lang ("Blue and white a life-long"),
Der Mythos vom Schalker Markt ("The Myth of the Schalke Market"),
Opa Pritschikowski ("Grandpa Pritschikowski"),
Königsblauer S04 ("Royal Blue S04"),
Wir sind Schalker ("We are Schalke"),
Schalke ist die Macht ("Schalke is the Power"), and
Steht auf, wenn ihr Schalker seid ("Stand up if you're Schalke"), sung to the melody of "Go West" by the Pet Shop Boys (itself a cover of a Village People song).
Honours[edit]

Domestic[edit]


2002 German Cup trophy, damaged during celebrations of Schalke's victory.
German championship
Winners – 1933–34, 1934–35, 1936–37, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1941–42, 1957–58
Runners-up – 1932–33, 1937–38, 1940–41, 1971–72, 1976–77, 2000–01, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2009–10
DFB-Pokal
Winners – 1937, 1972, 2001, 2002, 2011
Runners-up – 1935, 1936, 1941, 1942, 1955, 1969, 2005
DFB-Ligapokal
Winners – 2005
Runners-up – 2001, 2002, 2007
DFL-Supercup
Winners – 2011
Fuji-Cup
Winners – 1996
2. Fußball-Bundesliga
Winners – 1981–82, 1990–91
Oberliga West
Winners – 1951, 1958
Gauliga Westfalen
Winners – 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944
Western German football championship
Winners – 1929, 1930, 1932, 1933
Runners-up – 1927
Ruhrbezirk Championship
Winners – 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932, 1933
Western German football cup
Winners – 1955
Westphalia Cup
Winners – 1943, 1944
International[edit]
UEFA Cup
Winners – 1997
UEFA Intertoto Cup
Winners – 2003, 2004
Coppa delle Alpi
Winners – 1968
Youth[edit]
Under 19 Fußball-Bundesliga
Champions: 1976, 2006, 2012
Runners-up: 1975, 1980, 1981
Under 17 Fußball-Bundesliga
Champions: 1978, 2002
Runners-up: 1977, 1980
Under 19 Bundesliga West
Champions: 2006, 2012
Players[edit]

Current squad[edit]
As of 14 July 2013.[11]
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No. Position Player
1 Germany GK Ralf Fährmann
2 Germany DF Tim Hoogland
4 Germany DF Benedikt Höwedes (captain)
5 Brazil DF Felipe Santana
6 Germany DF Sead Kolašinac
7 Germany MF Max Meyer
8 Germany MF Leon Goretzka
9 Brazil MF Michel Bastos (on loan from Lyon)
10 Germany MF Julian Draxler
11 Germany MF Christian Clemens
12 Germany MF Marco Höger
13 United States MF Jermaine Jones
14 Greece DF Kyriakos Papadopoulos
17 Peru MF Jefferson Farfán
No. Position Player
19 Nigeria FW Chinedu Obasi
20 Finland FW Teemu Pukki
22 Japan DF Atsuto Uchida
23 Austria DF Christian Fuchs
24 Germany DF Kaan Ayhan
25 Netherlands FW Klaas-Jan Huntelaar (vice captain)
27 Switzerland MF Tranquillo Barnetta
28 Hungary FW Ádám Szalai
30 Germany MF René Klingenburg
32 Cameroon DF Joël Matip
33 Germany MF Roman Neustädter
34 Germany GK Timo Hildebrand
36 Germany GK Lars Unnerstall
40 Ghana MF Anthony Annan
Players out on loan[edit]
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No. Position Player
Germany FW Philipp Hofmann (at FC Ingolstadt 04 until 30 june 2015)
Reserve team[edit]
Main article: FC Schalke 04 II
Notable former players[edit]
Further information: Category:FC Schalke 04 players
To celebrate the 100th birthday of the club, the supporters voted for Schalker Jahrhundertelf, the "Team of the Century":[12]
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No. Position Player
Germany GK Norbert Nigbur
Germany DF Klaus Fichtel
Germany DF Rolf Rüssmann
Germany DF Olaf Thon
Belgium MF Marc Wilmots
Germany MF Fritz Szepan
No. Position Player
Germany MF Ernst Kuzorra
Germany MF Ingo Anderbrügge
Germany FW Reinhard Libuda
Germany FW Klaus Fischer
Germany FW Rüdiger Abramczik
Records[edit]
Most appearances
    Player Apps
1 Germany Klaus Fichtel 477
2 Germany Norbert Nigbur 355
3 Germany Rolf Rüssmann 304
4 Germany Klaus Fischer 295
5 Germany Olaf Thon 295
6 Germany Herbert Lütkebohmert 286
7 Denmark Ebbe Sand 282
8 Germany Gerald Asamoah 277
9 Germany Mike Büskens 257
10 Czech Republic Jiří Němec 256
Top scorers
    Player Goals
1 Germany Klaus Fischer 182
2 Denmark Ebbe Sand 105
3 Germany Kevin Kurányi 71
4 Germany Olaf Thon 52
5 Germany Erwin Kremers 50
6 Netherlands Klaas-Jan Huntelaar 47
7 Germany Ingo Anderbrügge 46
8 Germany Helmut Kremers 45
9 Germany Rüdiger Abramczik 44
10 Germany Gerald Asamoah 44
Managers since entering the Bundesliga[edit]

Germany Georg Gawliczek (July 1963–April 64)
Germany Fritz Langner (April 1964–June 67)
Germany Karl-Heinz Marotzke (July 1967–Nov 67)
Germany Günter Brocker (Nov 1967–Nov 68)
Germany Rudi Gutendorf (Nov 1968–Sept 70)
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Cendic (Sept 1970–June 71)
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Ivica Horvat (July 1971–June 75)
Austria Max Merkel (July 1975–March 76)
Germany Friedel Rausch (March 1976–Dec 77)
Germany Uli Maslo (Dec 1977–June 78)
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Ivica Horvat (July 1978–March 79)
Hungary Gyula Lóránt (March 1979–Dec 79)
Germany Dietmar Schwager (Dec 1979–April 80)
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Fahrudin Jusufi (April 1980–May 81)
Germany Heinz Redepennig (interim) (May 1981–June 81)
Germany Rudi Assauer (interim) (May 1981–June 81)
Germany Sigfried Held (July 1981–Jan 83)
Germany Jürgen Sundermann (Jan 1983–June 83)
Germany Diethelm Ferner (July 1983–June 86)
Germany Rolf Schafstall (July 1986–Dec 87)
Germany Horst Franz (Dec 1987–Sept 88)
Germany Diethelm Ferner (Sept 1988–April 89)
Germany Klaus Fischer (interim) (April 1989)
Germany Peter Neururer (April 1989–Nov 90)
Germany Klaus Fischer (Nov 1990–Dec 90)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Aleksandar Ristić (Jan 1991–April 92)
Germany Klaus Fischer (May 1992–June 92)
Germany Udo Lattek (July 1992–Jan 93)
Germany Helmut Schulte (Jan 1993–Oct 93)
Germany Jörg Berger (Oct 1993–Oct 96)
Germany Hubert Neu (interim) (Oct 1996)
Netherlands Huub Stevens (Oct 1996–June 02)
Germany Frank Neubarth (July 2002–March 03)
Belgium Marc Wilmots (March 2003–June 03)
Germany Jupp Heynckes (July 2003–Sept 04)
Netherlands Eddy Achterberg (interim) (Sept 2004)
Germany Ralf Rangnick (Sept 2004–Dec 05)
Germany Oliver Reck (interim) (Dec 2005–Jan 06)
Germany Mirko Slomka (Jan 2006–April 08)
Germany Michael Büskens (interim) (April 2008–June 08)
Netherlands Fred Rutten (July 2008–March 09)
Germany Michael Büskens (interim) (April 2009–June 09)
Germany Felix Magath (July 2009–March 11)
Germany Ralf Rangnick (March 2011–Sept 11)
Germany Josef Eichkorn (interim) (Sept 2011)
Netherlands Huub Stevens (Sept 2011–Dec 12)
Germany Jens Keller (Dec 2012–)
In popular culture[edit]

Schalke has been subject of a feature-length film called Fußball ist unser Leben ("Football is our life"), shown in 1999. Actors Uwe Ochsenknecht and Ralf Richter, both of whom were in the award-winning film Das Boot played the main roles, while many persons associated with Schalke had cameo roles, such as manager Rudi Assauer, coaches Huub Stevens and Helmut Schulte, and player Yves Eigenrauch. Also featured were prominent fans like Manfred Breuckmann, Ulrich Potofski or DJ Hooligan.[13] The film is a comedy about "Hans", a Schalke fanatic, and his three pals who somehow get involved in kidnapping and trying to bring back to form the team's new star player "Di Ospeo" and in the process bet Hans' house that their idol will score in the final game.[13] Some critics considered Football is our life to be "one of the worst German comedies ever."[13]
"Schalke" is mentioned in the film Das Boot when the bosun tells the crew in their ward room, "I got bad news for you men. Schalke lost 5–0, looks like we won't be in the final this year."
References[edit]

^ http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/StatDoc/competitions/UEFACup/01/67/59/06/1675906_DOWNLOAD.pdf
^ kicker Almanach 1990 (German), publisher kicker, published: 1989, page: 171
^ Die deutschen Gauligen 1933–45 — Heft 1–3 (German) Tables of the Gauligas 1933–45, publisher: DSFS
^ Guardian.co.uk
^ Roger Boyes (7 January 2009). "Comment: Gazprom is not a market player, it’s a political weapon". London: Timesonline. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
^ FC Schalke 04 official website (23 April 2008). "Rutten named new Schalke boss". Retrieved 16 August 2008.
^ "Schalke 0 Manchester United 2". Daily Telegraph. 26 April 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
^ "Rangnick steps aside at Schalke". UEFA. 22 September 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
^ "Huub Stevens new Schalke coach". Schalke Official Website. 27 September 2011.
^ "Herzlich willkommen zurück, Huub Stevens". 13 May 2012.
^ http://www.schalke04.de/de/profis/team/kader/page/63-1179-63--.html
^ "Die Schalker Jahrhundertelf" (in German). fussballportal.de. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
^ a b c Fußball ist unser Leben, review in FilmSpiegel, 1999 (in German)

FC Bayern Munich history

FC Bayern Munich
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Bayern Munich
crest
Full name Fußball-Club Bayern München e. V.
Nickname(s) Der FCB (The FCB)
Die Bayern (The Bavarians)
FC Hollywood
Stern des Südens (Star of the South)
Die Roten (The Reds)
Founded 27 February 1900 (113 years ago)
Ground Allianz Arena
(capacity: 71,137)
President Uli Hoeneß
Manager Pep Guardiola
League Bundesliga
2012–13 Bundesliga, 1st
Website Club home page
Home colours
Away colours
Champions League
Third colours
 Current season
Fußball-Club Bayern München e.V., commonly known as FC Bayern, FC Bayern München (German pronunciation: [ʔɛf ˈt͡seː ˈbaɪ̯ɐn ˈmʏnçən]) or FC Bayern Munich, is a German sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, and is the most successful football club in Germany, having won a record 23 national titles and 16 national cups.[1]
FC Bayern was founded in 1900 by eleven football players led by Franz John.[2] Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932,[3] the club was not selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963.[4] The club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when, under the leadership of Franz Beckenbauer, it won the European Cup three times in a row (1974–76). Overall Bayern has reached ten European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals, most recently winning their fifth in 2013 as part of a Treble. Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup, one European Cup Winners' Cup and two Intercontinental Cups, making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally. Since the formation of the Bundesliga, Bayern has been the dominant club in German football with 22 titles and has won five of the last ten titles. They have traditional local rivalries with TSV 1860 München and 1. FC Nuremberg, as well as a contemporary rivalry with Borussia Dortmund.
Since the beginning of the 2005–06 season Bayern has played its home games at the Allianz Arena. Previously the team had played at Munich's Olympic Stadium for 33 years. The team colours are red and white, and the team crest shows the blue and white flag of Bavaria.[5] In terms of revenue, Bayern Munich is the biggest sports club in Germany and the fourth biggest football club in the world, generating €368.4 million in 2012.[6] Bayern is a membership-based club with more than 200,000 members.[7] [8]There are also 3,202 officially-registered fan clubs with 231,197 members.[9] The club has other departments for chess, handball, basketball, gymnastics, bowling, table tennis, referees, and senior football with more than 1,100 active members.[10]
FC Bayern is currently second in UEFA's club coefficient rankings.[11]
Contents  [hide]
1 History
1.1 Early years (1900–65)
1.2 Golden years (1965–79)
1.3 From FC Breitnigge to FC Hollywood (1979–98)
1.4 Renewed international success (1998–present)
2 Colours
2.1 Historical kits
3 Crest
4 Stadiums
5 Supporters
6 Rivalries
7 Organization and finance
8 Charity
9 Training facility
10 FC Bayern Munich in Europe
11 Honours
11.1 Domestic
11.2 European
11.3 Worldwide
12 Players
12.1 Current squad
12.2 Players out on loan
12.3 Notable past players
12.4 Captains
12.5 Retired number(s)
13 Coaches
13.1 Current staff
13.2 Coaches since 1963
14 Current board
15 Statistics
15.1 Recent seasons
16 Other departments
16.1 FC Bayern II
16.2 Junior football
16.3 Women's football
16.4 Other sports
16.4.1 Basketball
16.4.2 Bowling
16.4.3 Chess
16.4.4 Gymnastics
16.4.5 Handball
16.4.6 Table tennis
16.4.7 Referees
16.4.8 Senior football
17 References
18 External links
History[edit]
Main article: History of FC Bayern Munich
Early years (1900–65)[edit]

The first game of Bayern Munich against Nuremberg in 1901
FC Bayern Munich was founded by members of a Munich gymnastics club (MTV 1879). When a congregation of members of MTV 1879 decided on 27 February 1900 that the footballers of the club would not be allowed to join the German Football Association (DFB), eleven members of the football division left the congregation and on the same evening founded Fußball-Club Bayern München. Within a few months Bayern achieved high-scoring victories against all local rivals and reached the semifinals of the 1900–01 South German championship.[2] In the following years the club won some local trophies and in 1910–11 Bayern joined the newly founded "Kreisliga", the first regional Bavarian league. They won this league in its first year, but did not win it again until the beginning of World War I in 1914, which halted all football activities in Germany.[3][12]
In the years after the war, Bayern won several regional competitions, before winning their first South German championship in 1926, an achievement repeated two years later.[3][13] Their first national title was gained in 1932, when coach Richard "Little Dombi" Kohn led the team to the German championship by defeating Eintracht Frankfurt 2–0 in the final.[3]
The advent of Nazism put an abrupt end to Bayern's development. The president and the coach, both of whom were Jewish, left the country. Many others in the club were also purged. Bayern was taunted as the "Jew's club" and as a semi-professional club Bayern was also affected by the ruling that football players had to be full amateurs again. In the following years Bayern could not sustain its role of contender for the national title, achieving mid-table results in its regional league instead.[14]
After the war Bayern became a member of the Oberliga Süd, the southern conference of the German first division, which was split five ways at that time. Bayern struggled, hiring and firing 13 coaches between 1945 and 1963. In 1955 they were relegated, but returned to the Oberliga in the following season and won the DFB-Pokal for the first time, beating Fortuna Düsseldorf 1–0 in the final.[15][16] The club struggled financially though, verging on bankruptcy at the end of the 1950s. Manufacturer Roland Endler provided the necessary funds and was rewarded with four years at the helm of the club.[17] In 1963 the Oberligas in Germany were consolidated into one national league, the Bundesliga. Five teams from the Oberliga South were admitted. Bayern finished third in that year's southern division, but another Munich team, TSV 1860 München, had won the championship. As the DFB preferred not to include two teams from one city, Bayern was not chosen for the Bundesliga.[4] They gained promotion two years later, fielding a team with young talents like Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller, and Sepp Maier — who would later be collectively referred to as the axis.[16]
Golden years (1965–79)[edit]

Sepp Maier, Franz Beckenbauer, and Gerd Müller helped Bayern Munich win the UEFA Champions League three times in a row in 1974, 1975, and 1976 and many other trophies.
In their first Bundesliga season Bayern finished third and also won the German cup. This qualified them for the following year's European Cup Winners' Cup, which they won in a dramatic final against Scottish club Rangers, when Franz "the Bull" Roth scored the decider in a 1–0 extra time victory.[16] In 1967 Bayern retained the cup, but slow overall progress saw Branko Zebec take over as coach. He replaced Bayern's offensive style of play with a more disciplined approach, and in doing so achieved the first league and cup double in Bundesliga history in 1969. Bayern Munich are one of four German clubs to win the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal double along with Borussia Dortmund, 1. FC Köln, and SV Werder Bremen. Zebec used only 13 players throughout the season.[18]
Udo Lattek took charge in 1970. After winning the cup in his first season, Lattek led Bayern to their third German championship. The deciding match in the 1971–72 season against Schalke 04 was the first match in the new Olympic Stadium, and was also the first live televised match in Bundesliga history. Bayern beat Schalke 5–1 and thus claimed the title, also setting several records, including points gained and goals scored.[19] Bayern also won the next two championships, but the zenith was their triumph in the European Cup final against Atlético Madrid, which Bayern won 4–0 after a replay.[20] During the following years the team was unsuccessful domestically, but defended their European title by defeating Leeds United in the 1975 European Cup Final when Roth and Müller secured victory with late goals. "We came back into the game and scored two lucky goals, so in the end we were the winners but we were very, very lucky", stated Franz Beckenbauer. Billy Bremner believed the French referee was "very suspicious." Leeds fans then rioted in Paris and were banned from European Football for three years.[21] A year later in Glasgow, AS Saint-Étienne were defeated by another Roth goal and Bayern became the third club to win the trophy in three consecutive years. The final trophy won by Bayern in this era was the Intercontinental Cup, in which they defeated Brazilian club Cruzeiro over two legs.[22] The rest of the decade was a time of change and saw no further titles for Bayern. In 1977 Franz Beckenbauer left for New York Cosmos and in 1979 Sepp Maier and Uli Hoeneß retired while Gerd Müller joined the Fort Lauderdale Strikers.[23] Bayerndusel was coined during this period as an expression of either contempt or envy about the sometimes narrow and last-minute wins against other teams.
From FC Breitnigge to FC Hollywood (1979–98)[edit]

Executive board chairman Karl-Heinz Rummenigge is the second highest goal scorer in Bayern Munich history and won multiple trophies in the 1980s.
The 1980s were a period of off-field turmoil for Bayern, with many changes in personnel and financial problems. On the field, Paul Breitner and Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, termed FC Breitnigge, led the team to Bundesliga titles in 1980 and 1981. Apart from a DFB-Pokal win in 1982, two relatively unsuccessful seasons followed, after which Breitner retired and former coach Udo Lattek returned. Bayern won the 1984 cup, then went on to win five championships in six seasons, including a double in 1986. However, European success was elusive during the decade; Bayern managed to claim the runners-up spot in the European Cup in 1982 and 1987.[24]
Jupp Heynckes was hired as coach in 1987, but after two consecutive championships in 1988–89 and 1989–90 Bayern's form dipped. After a second place in 1990–91 the club finished just five points above the relegation places in 1991–92. In the season of 1993–94, Bayern Munich lost out in the UEFA Cup 2nd round to the Premier League team Norwich City, who remain the only English football club to beat them at their former home ground the Olympic Stadium. Success returned when Franz Beckenbauer took over for the second half of the 1993–94 season, winning the Championship again after a four-year gap. Beckenbauer was then appointed club president.[25]
His successors as coach, Giovanni Trapattoni and Otto Rehhagel both finished trophyless after a season, not meeting the club's high expectations.[26] During this time Bayern's players frequently appeared in the gossip pages of the press rather than the sports pages, resulting in the nickname FC Hollywood.[27] Franz Beckenbauer briefly returned at the end of the 1995–96 season as caretaker coach and led his team to victory in the 1995–96 UEFA Cup, beating Bordeaux in the final. For the 1996–97 season Giovanni Trapattoni returned to win the championship. But in the following season Bayern lost the title to the just promoted Kaiserslautern and Trapattoni had to take his leave for the second time.[28]
Renewed international success (1998–present)[edit]

Opened in 2005: the Allianz Arena, one of the world's most modern football stadiums.
After his success at Borussia Dortmund, Bayern were coached by Ottmar Hitzfeld from 1998 to 2004. In Hitzfeld's first season, Bayern won the Bundesliga and came close to winning the Champions League, losing 2–1 to Manchester United in injury time after leading for most of the match. The 1999–2000 season resulted in Bayern winning their third league and cup double. A third consecutive Bundesliga title followed in 2001, won in a finish on the final day of the league season. Days later, Bayern won the Champions League for the fourth time after a 25-year gap, defeating Valencia CF on penalties. The 2001–02 season began with a win in the International Cup, but ended trophyless otherwise. A season later Bayern won their fourth double, leading the league by a record margin.[29] Hitzfeld's reign ended in 2004, with Bayern underperforming, including a cup defeat by second division Alemannia Aachen.
Felix Magath took over and led Bayern to two consecutive doubles. Prior to the start of the 2005–06 season, Bayern moved from the Olympic Stadium to the new Allianz Arena, which the club shares with TSV 1860 München. On the field their performance in 2006–07 was erratic. Trailing in the league and having lost to Alemannia Aachen in the cup yet again, coach Magath was sacked shortly after the winter break.[30]
Ottmar Hitzfeld returned as trainer in January 2007, but Bayern finished the 2006–07 season fourth, thus failing to qualify for the Champions League for the first time in more than a decade. Additional losses in the DFB-Pokal and the DFB-Ligapokal left the club with no honours for the season.
For the 2007–08 season, Bayern made drastic squad changes to help rebuild. They signed a total of eight new players and sold, released or loaned out nine of their players.[31] Among new signings were 2006 World Cup stars such as Franck Ribéry, Miroslav Klose and Luca Toni. Bayern went on to win the Bundesliga, being on top of the standings on every single week of play, and the DFB-Pokal against Borussia Dortmund.[32]
On 11 January 2008 Jürgen Klinsmann was named as Hitzfeld's successor, taking charge on 1 July 2008. He signed a two-year contract.[33] Bayern Munich lost the DFL-Supercup 1–2 against Borussia Dortmund in 2008. Bayer Leverkusen eliminated Bayern in quarter-finals of the DFB-Pokal. In the Champions League Bayern also reached the quarter-finals after winning Group F and defeating Sporting Clube de Portugal in the first knockout round, achieving a Champions League record aggregate of 12–1. On 27 April, two days after a home defeat against Schalke which saw Bayern drop to the third place in the table, Klinsmann was fired. Former trainer Jupp Heynckes was named as caretaker until the end of the season.[34] Bayern eventually finished second, thus qualifying directly for the Champions League in 2009–10.

Bayern Munich playing against Bayer Leverkusen in the Bundesliga in September 2011
Bayern then signed Dutch manager Louis van Gaal for the 2009–10 season. Multi-million signings of Arjen Robben and Mario Gómez also followed in a bid to return Bayern to the top of the European scene. On 8 May 2010, Bayern Munich won the 2009–10 Bundesliga after a 3–1 win at Hertha BSC.[35] Bayern then won the DFB-Pokal on 15 May 2010 to secure the domestic double.[36] Bayern also reached the 2010 UEFA Champions League Final but were beaten 2–0 by Internazionale, failing to become the first German club to complete the treble.[37]
In the 2010–11 season, Bayern were eliminated in the first round of the Champions League knockout phase by Internazionale on the away goals rule and finished third in the Bundesliga.[38] Van Gaal was fired by Bayern in April 2011.
In the 2011–12 season, Jupp Heynckes returned to coach Bayern for a second permanent spell but Bayern were to end the season without a trophy for the second season running. Domestically they finished second in the Bundesliga and lost the DFB Pokal final 2–5, both behind Borussia Dortmund. They also reached the final of the Champions League in their home stadium, but lost to Chelsea on penalties (3–4), in what was only their second defeat to an English team in Munich, and their first at the Allianz Arena.[39][40]
In the 2012–13 season, Bayern won the 2012 DFL-Supercup 2-1 against rivals Borussia Dortmund.[41] FC Bayern became the first team in history to win their first eight matches in the Bundesliga after their 5–0 away win to Fortuna Düsseldorf.[42][43] On 6 April 2013, Bayern won the 2012–13 Bundesliga after a 1–0 win at Eintracht Frankfurt with six games left, setting a new record for being the earliest ever Bundesliga winners.[44] Other Bundesliga records set by Bayern in the 2012–13 season include most points in a season (91), highest league winning points margin (25), most wins in a season (29) and fewest goals conceded in a season (18). Bayern also equaled the record for fewest defeats in a season, losing once to Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Bayern also reached the Champions League final for the third time in four seasons, winning the club's fifth European Cup with a 2–1 defeat of domestic rivals Borussia Dortmund at Wembley Stadium.[45] On 1 June 2013, Bayern beat VfB Stuttgart 3–2 in the 2013 DFB-Pokal Final to become the first German club to complete the treble; Bayern had missed out on trebles in 1999 and 2010.[46]
In the 2013–14 season, Pep Guardiola took over as manager on 1 July 2013.[47] Bayern Munich lost against rivals Borussia Dortmund 2-4 in the 2013 DFL-Supercup at Signal Iduna Park on 27 July 2013.[48] Bayern will then play Chelsea on 30 August in the UEFA Super Cup.[49] Bayern also activated the release clause of domestic rivals Borussia Dortmund's young star Mario Götze, who became the most expensive German player in history when switching clubs. Bayern achived a member milestone when the club in July 2013 as first German team had over 200.000 members.[8]
Colours[edit]

1900 - 1989
1989 - 2013
The history of Bayern Munich kits
In the original club constitution, Bayern's colours were named as white and blue, but the club played in white shirts with black shorts until 1905, when Bayern joined MSC. MSC decreed that the footballers would have to play in red shorts. Also the younger players were called red-shorts, which was meant as an insult.[2] Bayern has played in red and white for most of its existence, but blue has been included on occasion. In the 1968–69 season the shirts were striped in blue and red, and the shorts and socks were also blue. Bayern also wore red and blue stripes between 1995 and 1997, and in 1997 blue was the dominant colour for the first time when Adidas released an all navy blue home kit with a red chest band. In 1999 Bayern returned to a predominantly red kit, which featured blue sleeves, and in 2000 the club released a traditional all red kit with white trim to be worn for Champions League matches.[5]
The club's away kit has had a wide range of colours over the years, including white, black, blue, and gold-green. Bayern also features a distinct international kit. In 2009, the home kit was red, the away kit was dark blue, and the international kit was white.[50] For the 2010–11 season, Bayern had a red and white striped home jersey, white away shirts with dark blue away shorts, and all-dark blue for international (Champions League) matches. For the 2012–13 season, Bayern had red and gold home jerseys, with white and orange away jerseys.
In the 1980s and 1990s, Bayern used a special away kit when playing at 1. FC Kaiserslautern, representing the Brazilian colours blue and yellow, a superstition borne from the fact that the club found it hard to win there.[51]
Historical kits[edit]
1967 European Cup Winners' Cup Final
1974 and 1976 European Cup Finals
1975 and 1982 European Cup Finals
1987
European Cup Final
1996 UEFA Cup Final
(First leg)
1996 UEFA Cup Final
(Second leg)
1999 UEFA Champions League Final
2001 UEFA Champions League Final
2010 UEFA Champions League Final
2012 UEFA Champions League Final
2013 UEFA Champions League Final
Crest[edit]
Bayern's crest has changed several times. Originally it consisted of the stylised letters F, C, B, M, which were woven into one symbol. The original crest was blue. The colours of Bavaria were included for the first time in 1954.[5]
The modern version of the crest has evolved from the 1954 version in several steps.[5] While the crest consisted of a single colour only for most of the time, namely blue or red, the current (2008) crest is blue, red, and white. It has the colours of Bavaria in its centre and FC Bayern München is written in white on a red ring enclosing the Bavarian colours.
Stadiums[edit]


Model of Bayern's first stadium, their home from 1906 to 1924
Bayern played its first training games at the Schyrenplatz in the centre of Munich. The first official games were held on the Theresienwiese. In 1901 Bayern moved to its first own field, which was located in Schwabing at the Clemensstraße. After joining the Münchner Sport-Club (MSC) in 1906, Bayern moved in May 1907 to MSC's ground at the Leopoldstraße.[52] As the crowds gathering for Bayern's home games increased at the beginning of the 1920s, Bayern had to switch to various premises in Munich.[53]
From 1925 Bayern shared the Grünwalder Stadion with 1860 Munich.[54] Until World War II the stadium was owned by 1860 Munich, and is still colloquially known as Sechz'ger ("Sixties") Stadium nowadays. It was destroyed during the war, and efforts to rebuild it resulted in a patchwork. Bayern's record crowd at the Grünwalder Stadion is reported as more than 50,000 in the home game against 1. FC Nuremberg in the 1961–62 season.[55] In the Bundesliga era the stadium had a maximum capacity of 44,000 which was reached on several occasions, but the capacity has since been reduced to 21,272. As was the case at most of this period's stadiums, the vast majority of the stadium was given over to terracing. Today the second teams of both clubs play in the stadium.[56][57]

The Olympic Stadium, home of Bayern Munich from 1972 to 2005
For the 1972 Summer Olympics the city of Munich built the Olympic Stadium. The stadium, renowned for its architecture,[58] was inaugurated in the last Bundesliga match of the 1971–72 season. The match drew a capacity crowd of 79,000, a total which was reached again on numerous occasions. The stadium was, in its early days, considered to be one of the foremost stadia in the world and played host to numerous major finals, such as that of 1974 FIFA World Cup.[59] In the following years the stadium underwent several modifications, such as an increase in seating space from approximately 50% to ca. 66%. Eventually the stadium had a capacity of 63,000 for national matches, and 59,000 for international occasions such as European Cup competitions. Many people, however, began to feel that the stadium was too cold in winter, with half the audience exposed to the weather due to lack of cover. A further complaint was the distance between the spectators and the pitch, the stadium betraying its track and field heritage. Modification of the stadium proved impossible as the architect Günther Behnisch vetoed major modifications of the stadium.[60]

For Bayern home games the Allianz Arena is lit in red.
After much discussion the city, the state of Bavaria, FC Bayern, and TSV 1860 jointly decided at the end of 2000 to build a new stadium. While Bayern had wanted to build a purpose-built football stadium for several years, the awarding of the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany stimulated the discussion as the Olympic Stadium no longer met the FIFA criteria to host a World Cup game. Located on the northern outskirts of Munich the Allianz Arena has been in use since the beginning of the 2005–06 season.[60] Its initial capacity of 66,000 fully covered seats has since been increased for matches on national level to 69,901 by transforming 3,000 seats to terracing in a 2:1 ratio.[61] Since August 2012 2,000 more seats were added in the last row of the top tier increasing the capacity to 71,000[62]
The most prominent feature of the stadium is the translucent outer layer, which can be illuminated in different colours for impressive effects. Usually red lighting is used for Bayern home games, blue for 1860 home games and white for German national team home games.[63]
In May 2012, Bayern opened a museum about its history, FC Bayern Erlebniswelt, inside the Allianz Arena.[64]
Supporters[edit]


The Fan shop at Bräuhausstraße in Munich.
Bayern considers itself a national club.[65] The club has more than 187,000 members and 3,202 fanclubs, making it the club with the largest number of organized supporters in Germany.[66] Owing partly to the club having supporters all over the country,[67] all of Bayern's away games have been sold out in recent years.[68] Their following is mainly recruited from the aspiring middle class and regional Bavaria.[citation needed] Despite a large proportion of their supporters having to travel more than 200 km (ca. 120 miles) regularly,[69] the club's home matches in the Allianz Arena have almost always been sold out.[68][70] According to a study by Sport+Markt Bayern is the fifth-most popular football club in Europe with 20.7 million supporters, and the most popular football club in Germany with 10 million supporters.[71]
Bayern Munich is also renowned for its well-organized ultra scene. The most prominent groups are the Schickeria München, the Red Munichs '89, the Südkurve '73, the Munichmaniacs 1996, the Service Crew Munich, the Red Angels, the Tavernen Crew München, and the Red Sharks. Stern des Südens is the song which fans sing at FCB home games. In the 1990s they also used to sing FC Bayern, Forever Number One.[72]
The club also has quite a number of high profile supporters, among them Pope Benedict XVI,[73] Boris Becker, retired German tennis player, Wladimir Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer, Horst Seehofer and Edmund Stoiber, current and former Minister-President of Bavaria, to name just a few.[74]
Rivalries[edit]
Main article: Bavarian football derbies
Bayern Munich has a rivalry with Borussia Dortmund.[75] Bayern and Dortmund have competed against each other for many Bundesliga titles. Bayern and Dortmund have played against each other in the DFB-Pokal final in 2008 and 2012. The 2–5 loss against Dortmund in the 2012 DFB-Pokal final was Bayern's worst ever loss in a final. Bayern and Dortmund have also played against each other in the DFL-Supercup in 1989, 2008, 2012, and 2013. The height of the rivalry was when Bayern defeated Dortmund, 2–1 in the final of the 2013 UEFA Champions League.
Bayern is one of three professional football clubs in Munich. Bayern's main local rival is TSV 1860 München, who were the more successful club in the 1960s, winning a cup and a championship. In the 1970s and 1980s, TSV 1860 moved between the first and the third division, but lately have settled in the second division. The Munich derby is still a much anticipated event, getting a lot of extra attention from supporters of both clubs.[76] 1860 is considered more working-class, and therefore suffers from a diminishing fan base in a city where the manufacturing sector is declining.[citation needed] Bayern is considered the establishment club,[77] which is reflected by many board members being business leaders[dubious – discuss] and including the former Bavarian minister president, Edmund Stoiber. Despite the rivalry, Bayern has repeatedly supported 1860 in times of financial disarray.[77]
Since the 1920s, 1. FC Nuremberg has been Bayern's main and traditional[78] rival in Bavaria. Philipp Lahm said that playing Nuremberg is "always special" and is a "heated atmosphere".[78] Both clubs played in the same league in the mid-1920s, but in the 1920s and 1930s, Nuremberg was far more successful, winning five championships in the 1920s, making the club Germany's record champion. Bayern took over the title more than sixty years later, when they won their tenth championship in 1987, thereby surpassing the number of championships won by Nuremberg.[78][79] The duel between Bayern and Nuremberg is often referred to as the Bavarian Derby.
Bayern also enjoys a strong rivalry with the 1. FC Kaiserslautern, originating in parts from a game in 1973, when Bayern led 4–1 to lose 7–4,[80][81] but also from the two clubs competing for German championship honors at various times in the Bundesliga as well as the city of Kaiserslautern having been part of Bavaria until the end of the Second World War.
Since the 1970s, Bayern's main rivals have been the clubs who put up the strongest fight against its national dominance. In the 1970s this was Borussia Mönchengladbach,[20] in the 1980s the category expanded to include Hamburger SV. In the 1990s Borussia Dortmund, Werder Bremen, and Bayer Leverkusen[82][83] emerged as the most ardent opponents. Recently Borussia Dortmund, Schalke,[84] and Werder Bremen have been the main challengers in the Bundesliga.
Amongst Bayern's chief European rivals are Real Madrid,[85] A.C. Milan,[86] and Manchester United due to many classic wins, draws and losses.[82] Real Madrid versus Bayern is the match that has historically been played most often in the Champions League with 14 matches and the European Cup with 19 matches. Real's biggest loss at home in the Champions League came at the hands of Bayern on 29 February 2000 (2–4).[87] Due to Bayern being traditionally hard to beat for Madrid, Madrid supporters often refer to Bayern as the 'Bestia negra' which translates to 'The Black Beast'. Despite the number of duels, Bayern and Real have never met in the final of a Champions League or European Cup. The last time the two teams met were in the 2–1 win of Real Madrid in the 2011–12 Champions League semi-finals (3–3 on aggregate) forcing extra time and penalties. Bayern Munich won 3–1 on penalties to reach their first ever home Champions League final.
Organization and finance[edit]


Bayern's former president from 1994 to 2009 and former player Franz Beckenbauer
Bayern is led mostly by former club players. The club President is Uli Hoeneß. He has been in office, formerly as general manager of the club, since 1979. Karl-Heinz Rummenigge is the chairman of the executive board of the AG.[88] The supervisory board of nine consists mostly of managers of big German corporations. They are Herbert Hainer (CEO adidas), Uli Hoeneß, Timotheus Höttges, Helmut Markwort, Dieter Rampl, Fritz Scherer, Rupert Stadler, Edmund Stoiber, and Martin Winterkorn.[89][90]
Professional football at Bayern is run by the spin-off organization FC Bayern München AG. AG is short for Aktiengesellschaft, and Bayern is run like a joint stock company, a company whose stock are not listed on the public stock exchange, but is privately owned. 81.8% of FC Bayern München AG is owned by the club, the FC Bayern München e. V. (e. V. is short for Eingetragener Verein, which translates into "Registered Club") and 9.1% by sports goods manufacturer Adidas and 9.1% by automobile company Audi.[91] Adidas acquired its shares in 2002 for €77m. The money was designated to help finance the Allianz Arena.[92] In 2009 Audi paid €90m for their share. The capital will be used to repay the loan for the Allianz Arena quicker than originally planned.[93] Bayern's other sports departments are run by the club.
Bayern's main advertising partner and current holder of the jersey rights is Deutsche Telekom.[94] The main supplier of the club is Adidas.[94] The premium partners include Paulaner Brewery, Audi, Coca-Cola, Lufthansa, Samsung and Yingli Solar. Classic sponsors include Siemens, Burger King, Ebel, Fitness First, The LEGO Group, Schaeffler Group, s.Oliver, Continental, Viagogo, Trentino, Thomas Sabo and Sheraton Hotels and Resorts.[94] Food sponsors include Albi, BiFi, Ehrmann and MF.[94] In previous years the jersey rights were held by Adidas[95] (1974–78), Magirus Deutz and Iveco[96] (trucks / 1978–84), Commodore[97] (computers / 1984–89) and Opel[98] (cars / 1989–2002).
Bayern is an exception in professional, international football, having generated profits in nine of the last ten seasons. Other clubs often report losses, realizing transfers via loans, whereas Bayern always uses current assets. Also Bayern differs from other European top clubs in their income composition. While other clubs derive more than 35% of their revenues from broadcasting right, Bayern earn only 22% of their revenues that way.[99] This is often accounted for by Bayern not marketing their broadcasting right themselves.[citation needed] Instead the Deutsche Fußball Liga negotiates broadcasting rights for the whole Bundesliga.
In 2011–12 Bayern reported revenues of €373.4 million, marking the eighth consecutive time that Bayern has topped their previous record earnings.[9] According to the latest Deloitte's annual Football Money League, Bayern was the fourth richest club in the world in 2012, generating revenues of €368.4 million.[100]
While other European clubs have mainly marketed to international audiences, Bayern has focused on Germany.[101] Forbes ranks Bayern as the world's fifth most valuable football club in their annual list, estimating the club's at value $1.235 billion.[102] As a result of Bayern's finals appearance in the 2012 UEFA Champions League, the club's brand value has reached $786 million USD which is up 59 percent from the previous year. Among European teams this is ahead of Real Madrid's $600 million USD and behind first place Manchester United whose brand is valued at $853 million USD. In 2013, Bayern overtook Manchester United to take first place in brand valuation.[103]
Charity[edit]
Bayern has been involved with charitable ventures for a long time, helping other football clubs in financial disarray as well as ordinary people in misery. In the wake of the 2004 Tsunami the "FC Bayern – Hilfe e.V." was founded, a foundation that aims to concentrate the social engagements of the club.[104] At its inception this venture was funded with 600,000€, raised by officials and players of the club.[105] The money was amongst other things used to build a school in Marathenkerny, Sri Lanka[105] and to rebuild the area of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. In April 2007 it was decided that the focus of the foundation would shift towards supporting people in need locally.[104]
The club has also time and again shown to have a soft spot for clubs in financial disarray. Repeatedly the club has supported its local rival 1860 Munich with gratuitous friendlies, transfers at favourable rates, and direct money transfers.[106] Also when St. Pauli threatened to lose its license for professional football due to financial problems, Bayern met the club for a friendly game free of any charge, giving all revenues to St. Pauli.[107] More recently when Mark van Bommel's home club Fortuna Sittard was in financial distress Bayern came to a charity game at the Dutch club.[108] Another well known example was the transfer of Alexander Zickler in 1993 from Dynamo Dresden. When Bayern picked up Zickler for 2.3 Million DM many considered the sum to be a subvention for the financially threatened Dresdeners.[109] In 2003, Bayern provided a 2 Million Euro loan without collateral to the nearly bankrupt Borussia Dortmund which has since been repaid.[110][111][112]
On 14 July 2013, Bayern played a charity game against financially threatened third division Hansa Rostock. The game raised about €1 million, securing Hansa's licence.[113]
Training facility[edit]


Entrance of Bayern Munich Headquarters
FC Bayern Munich training facilities, for both the professional and the Junior Team, are located at the Bayern Munich Headquarters.[114][115] There are four grass pitches, one of which has undersoil heating, one artificial grass field and a multi-functional sports hall.[116] After the closure of Munich American High School, FC Bayern purchased the DoDDS adjacent sporting fields that previously held MAHS's football pitch and baseball field. A new grass pitch was placed over the existing football pitch while an artificial turf field was placed over the baseball diamond.[citation needed]

FC Bayern Football pitch (training only)
The players' quarters opened in 1990 and were reconstructed after the 2007–08 season on suggestions by the new coach, Jürgen Klinsmann, who took inspiration from various major sports clubs. The quarters are now called the performance centre and feature a weights and fitness area, a massage unit, dressing rooms, the coaches' office, and a conference room with screening facilities for video analysis. A café, a library, an e-Learning room, and a family room are also included.[114]
Located at the headquarters is also the Youth academy, which houses up to 13 young talents from outside the city. While being part of Bayern's Junior Team they can work there on their development as footballers. Former residents of the Youth House include Owen Hargreaves, Michael Rensing, and Bastian Schweinsteiger.[115]
FC Bayern Munich in Europe[edit]
Main article: FC Bayern Munich in Europe
As of 26 May 2013
Competition Record Source
G W D L Win %
Champions League 275 154 62 59 56.00 [117]
Europa League 68 39 13 16 57.35
Cup Winners' Cup 39 19 14 6 48.72
Super Cup 5 1 0 4 20.00
Total 387 213 89 85 55.04 Honours[edit]
Main article: List of FC Bayern Munich records and statistics#Honours
Bayern is historically the most successful team in German football, as they have won the most championships and the most cups. They are also Germany's most successful team in international competitions, having won nine trophies. Bayern is one of only four clubs to have won all three major European competitions and also the last club to have won the European Cup three times in a row, entitling them to wear a multiple-winner badge during Champions League matches.

The Bayern Munich honours from 1900 to 2010

The three consecutive champions league trophies won by FC Bayern Munich 1974–76. The one on the far right is the real CL trophy, given to Bayern permanently. The ones on the left are slightly smaller replicas.

The 1967 UEFA CWC on the left, Bayern's two Intercontinental Cups and the 1996 UEFA Cup
Domestic[edit]
German Champions
Winner (23) (record): 1931–32, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2012–13
DFB-Pokal
Winner (16) (record): 1957, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2013
DFB-Ligapokal
Winner (6) (record): 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007
DFL-Supercup
Winner (5) (record with Borussia Dortmund): 1982, 1987, 1990, 2010, 2012
European[edit]
UEFA Champions League / European Cup
Winner (5): 1974, 1975, 1976, 2001, 2013
Runner-up (5) (tied record): 1982, 1987, 1999, 2010, 2012
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
Winner (1): 1967
UEFA Europa League / UEFA Cup
Winner (1): 1996
Worldwide[edit]
Intercontinental Cup
Winner (2): 1976, 2001
Players[edit]
Current squad[edit]
As of 16 July 2013[118]
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No. Position Player
1 Germany GK Manuel Neuer
4 Brazil DF Dante
5 Belgium DF Daniel Van Buyten
6 Spain MF Thiago Alcântara
7 France MF Franck Ribéry
8 Spain MF Javi Martínez
9 Croatia FW Mario Mandžukić
10 Netherlands MF Arjen Robben
11 Switzerland MF Xherdan Shaqiri
13 Brazil DF Rafinha
14 Peru FW Claudio Pizarro
15 Germany DF Jan Kirchhoff
17 Germany DF Jérôme Boateng
19 Germany MF Mario Götze
No. Position Player
20 Germany FW Patrick Weihrauch
21 Germany DF Philipp Lahm (captain)
22 Germany GK Tom Starke
23 Germany MF Mitchell Weiser
25 Germany FW Thomas Müller
26 Germany DF Diego Contento
27 Austria DF David Alaba
28 Germany DF Holger Badstuber
30 Brazil MF Luiz Gustavo
31 Germany MF Bastian Schweinsteiger (vice-captain)
32 Germany GK Lukas Raeder
34 Denmark MF Pierre Højbjerg
36 Germany MF Emre Can
39 Germany MF Toni Kroos
Players out on loan[edit]
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No. Position Player

For recent transfers, see List of German football transfers winter 2012–13 and List of German football transfers summer 2013.
See also: Bayern Munich II, Bayern Munich Junior Team
Notable past players[edit]
Main article: List of Bayern Munich players
Soccer.Field Transparant.png
MaierAugenthalerSchwarzenbeckBeckenbauerBreitnerSchollEffenbergMatthäusK. RummeniggeElberG. Müller
The "Greatest Ever" squad chosen by more than 79,901 fans, in 2005. The coach chosen was Ottmar Hitzfeld.[119]
At his farewell game, Oliver Kahn was declared honorary captain of Bayern Munich.[120] The players below are part of the FC Bayern Munich Hall of Fame.[121]
1930s
Germany Conrad Heidkamp (DF)
1970s:
Germany Franz Beckenbauer (DF)
Germany Gerd Müller (FW)
Germany Uli Hoeneß (FW)
Germany Paul Breitner (MF)
Germany Sepp Maier (GK)
Germany Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck (DF)
Germany Franz Roth (MF)
1980s:
Germany Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (FW)
Germany Klaus Augenthaler (DF)
1990s:
Germany Lothar Matthäus (DF/MF)
Germany Stefan Effenberg (MF)
2000s:
Germany Oliver Kahn (GK)
Germany Mehmet Scholl (MF)
France Bixente Lizarazu (DF)
Brazil Giovane Elber (FW)
Captains[edit]
Philipp Lahm is the captain since 2011. Bastian Schweinsteiger is the vice-captain.
Years Captain
1965–70 Germany Werner Olk (DF)
1970–77 Germany Franz Beckenbauer (DF)
1977–79 Germany Sepp Maier (GK)
1979 Germany Gerd Müller (FW)
1979–80 Germany Georg Schwarzenbeck (DF)
1980–83 Germany Paul Breitner (MF)
1983–84 Germany Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (FW)
1984–91 Germany Klaus Augenthaler (DF)
1991–94 Germany Raimond Aumann (GK)
1994–96 Germany Lothar Matthäus (DF)
1997–99 Germany Thomas Helmer (DF)
1999–02 Germany Stefan Effenberg (MF)
2002–08 Germany Oliver Kahn (GK)
2008–11 Netherlands Mark van Bommel (MF)
2011– Germany Philipp Lahm (DF)
Retired number(s)[edit]
Main article: Retired numbers in football
12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man)
Coaches[edit]
See also: Category:FC Bayern Munich managers and List of FC Bayern Munich records and statistics#Coaches

Manager Pep Guardiola
Current staff[edit]
As of 26 June 2013[122][123]
Spain Pep Guardiola Head coach
Spain Manel Estiarte Personal assistant
Germany Hermann Gerland Assistant coach
Spain Domènec Torrent Assistant coach
Croatia Toni Tapalović Goalkeeping coach
Spain Lorenzo Buenaventura Fitness coach
Germany Andreas Kornmayer Fitness coach
Germany Thomas Wilhelmi Fitness coach
Germany Matthias Sammer Sport director
Spain Carles Planchart Match analyst
Germany Lars Kornetka Video analyst
Germany Michael Niemeyer Video analyst
Germany Paul Breitner Chief scout
Germany Egon Coordes Scout
Germany Wolfgang Grobe Scout
Germany Hans-Wilhelm Müller-Wohlfahrt Chief medic
Germany Lutz Hänsel Team doctor
Germany Peter Ueblacker Team doctor
Germany Roland Schmidt Cardiologist
Germany Fredi Binder Physiotherapist
Italy Gianni Bianchi Physiotherapist
Germany Gerry Hoffmann Physiotherapist
Germany Stephan Weickert Physiotherapist
Germany Helmut Erhard Physiotherapist
Coaches since 1963[edit]
Bayern had 17 coaches since its promotion to the Bundesliga in 1965. Udo Lattek, Giovanni Trapattoni, and Ottmar Hitzfeld served two terms as head coach. Franz Beckenbauer served one term as head coach and one as caretaker.[124] Lattek was the club's most successful coach, having won six Bundeslige titles, two DFB Cups and the European Cup; following closely is Ottmar Hitzfeld, who won five Bundeslige titles, two DFB cups and the Champions League. The club's least successful coach was Søren Lerby, who won less than a third of his matches in charge and presided over the club's near-relegation in the 1991–92 campaign.
The present manager is Jupp Heynckes, who is in his third tenure after one as head coach from 1987 to 1991 and another as caretaker in 2009. His contract expires in 2013,[125] but Heynckes has repeatedly stated that depending on his motivation he might want to extend the contract despite his age.[126] Despite that, the club announced that the arrival of Josep Guardiola, Barcelona's former coach to manage the club from July 2013.
No. Coach from until days Major Titles
1 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Zlatko Čajkovski 1 Jul 1963 30 Jun 1968 1096 3 two Cups, one European Cup Winners' Cup
2 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Branko Zebec 1 Jul 1968 13 Mar 1970 621 2 one Championship, one Cup
3 Germany Udo Lattek 14 Mar 1970 2 Jan 1975 1756 5 three Championships, one Cup, one European Cup
4 Germany Dettmar Cramer 16 Jan 1975 1 Dec 1977 1051 3 two European Cups, one Intercontinental Cup
5 Hungary Gyula Lóránt 2 Dec 1977 28 Feb 1979 454 0 6 Hungary Pál Csernai 1 Mar 1979 16 May 1983 1538 3 two Championships, one Cup
7 Germany Reinhard Saftig* 17 May 1983 30 Jun 1983 45 0 8 Germany Udo Lattek 1 Jul 1983 30 Jun 1987 1461 5 three Championships, two Cups
9 Germany Jupp Heynckes 1 Jul 1987 8 Oct 1991 1561 4 two Championships, two SuperCups
10 Denmark Søren Lerby 9 Oct 1991 11 Mar 1992 155 0 11 Germany Erich Ribbeck 12 Mar 1992 27 Dec 1993 656 0 12 Germany Franz Beckenbauer 7 Jan 1994 30 Jun 1994 175 1 one Championship
13 Italy Giovanni Trapattoni 1 Jul 1994 30 Jun 1995 365 0 14 Germany Otto Rehhagel 1 Jul 1995 27 Apr 1996 302 0 15 Germany Franz Beckenbauer* 29 Apr 1996 30 Jun 1996 63 1 one UEFA Cup
16 Italy Giovanni Trapattoni 1 Jul 1996 30 Jun 1998 730 3 one Championship, one Cup, one League Cup
17 Germany Ottmar Hitzfeld 1 Jul 1998 30 Jun 2004 2192 11 four Championships, two Cups, three League Cups, one Champions League, one Intercontinental Cup
18 Germany Felix Magath 1 Jul 2004 31 Jan 2007 945 5 two Championships, two Cups, one League Cup
19 Germany Ottmar Hitzfeld 1 Feb 2007 30 Jun 2008 516 3 one Championship, one Cup, one League Cup
20 Germany Jürgen Klinsmann 1 Jul 2008 27 Apr 2009 302 0 21 Germany Jupp Heynckes* 27 Apr 2009 31 May 2009 35 0 22 Netherlands Louis van Gaal 1 Jul 2009 10 Apr 2011 648 3 one Championship, one Cup, one SuperCup
23 Netherlands Andries Jonker* 10 Apr 2011 26 Jun 2011 61 0 24 Germany Jupp Heynckes 1 Jul 2011 25 Jun 2013 760 4 one SuperCup, one Championship, one Champions League, one Cup
25 Spain Pep Guardiola[127][128] 26 Jun 2013 — 0 * Served as caretaker coach.
Current board[edit]


President Uli Hoeneß
Supervisory board
Members Notes Source
Uli Hoeneß Chairman of the board of Bayern Munich AG
and President of Bayern Munich e.V. [90]
Herbert Hainer Vice-Chairman of the board and Adidas AG chairman [90]
Rupert Stadler Vice-Chairman of the board and Audi AG chairman [90]
Helmut Markwort Publisher of FOCUS Magazine [90]
Dieter Rampl UniCredit Group advisory board chairman [90]
Karl Hopfner Bayern Munich e.V. senior vice-president [90]
Dr. Edmund Stoiber Former Minister-President of Bavaria [90]
Timotheus Höttges Telekom AG chairman [90]
Prof. Dr. Martin Winterkorn Volkswagen AG chairman [90]
Executive board
Members Position Source
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Chairman [88]
Jan-Christian Dreesen Deputy chairman [88]
Matthias Sammer Sporting director and
Executive board member [88]
Andreas Jung Deputy executive board member [88]
For a list of former presidents see List of FC Bayern Munich records and statistics#Presidents
Statistics[edit]
Main article: List of FC Bayern Munich records and statistics
Recent seasons[edit]
Main article: List of FC Bayern Munich seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:[129][130]
Season Rank P W D L F A GD Pts Cup EL CL
2002–03 1 34 23 6 5 70 25 45 75 Won — QF
2003–04 2 34 20 8 6 70 39 31 68 QF — R16
2004–05 1 34 24 5 5 75 33 42 77 Won — QF
2005–06 1 34 22 9 3 67 32 35 75 Won — R16
2006–07 4 34 18 6 10 55 40 15 60 3R — QF
2007–08 1 34 22 10 2 68 21 47 76 Won SF —
2008–09 2 34 20 7 7 71 42 29 67 QF — QF
2009–10 1 34 20 10 4 72 31 41 70 Won — Runner-up
2010–11 3 34 19 8 7 81 40 41 65 SF — R16
2011–12 2 34 23 4 7 77 22 55 73 Runner-up — Runner-up
2012–13 1 34 29 4 1 98 18 80 91 Won — Won
As of 1 June 2013.[131] Rank = Rank in the Bundesliga; P = Played; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points; Cup = DFB-Pokal; EL = UEFA Europa League; CL = UEFA Champions League.
in = Still in competition; — = Not attended; 1R = 1st round; 2R = 2nd round; 3R = 3rd round; R16 = Round of sixteen; QF = Quarterfinals; SF = Semifinals.
Other departments[edit]
FC Bayern II[edit]
Main article: FC Bayern Munich II
The reserve team serves mainly as the final stepping stone for promising young players before being promoted to the main team. Bayern II is coached by Mehmet Scholl, assisted by Gerd Müller, Sören Osterland and Rainer Ulrich.[132] Since the inception of the Regionalliga in 1994, the team played in the Regionalliga Süd, after playing in the Oberliga since 1978. In the 2007–08 season they qualified for the newly founded 3rd Liga, where they lasted until 2011, when they were relegated to the Regionalliga. This ended 33 consecutive years of playing in the highest league that the German Football Association permits the second team of a professional football team to play.[32]
Junior football[edit]
Main article: Bayern Munich Junior Team
The Bayern Munich Junior Team has produced some of Europe's top football players, including Owen Hargreaves, Thomas Hitzlsperger, Philipp Lahm, Thomas Müller and Bastian Schweinsteiger. The division was founded in 1902 and is run by Werner Kern and Björn Andersson. It consists of eleven teams with more than 170 players, the youngest being under ten.[133]
Women's football[edit]
Main article: FC Bayern Munich (women)
The women's football team which is led by head coach Thomas Wörle features several members of the German national youth team. In the 2008–09 season the team finished second in the women's Bundesliga. The division was founded in 1970 and consists of four teams with 90 players. Their greatest success was winning the championship in 1976.[134]
Other sports[edit]
Bayern has other departments[10] for:
Basketball[edit]
Main article: FC Bayern Munich (basketball)
since 1946 with 280 players in 19 teams.
German Champion 1954 and 1955, German Cup 1968
Bowling[edit]
since 1984 with 46 players in 4 teams
Chess[edit]
since 1908 with 97 players in 8 teams
European Club Cup 1992
German champion 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1995
German Fast chess champion 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1995 (record)
Gymnastics[edit]
since 1974 with 35 gymnasts in 1 team
German champion 1983, 1986, 1987 and 1988
Handball[edit]
since 1945 with 3000 players in 10 teams
Table tennis[edit]
since 1946 with 160 players in 12 teams
Referees[edit]
since 1919 with 115 referees
Senior football[edit]
since 2001 with 135 players in 5 teams
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^ "FC Bayern München – First T